3/2/2024 0 Comments Ripple counter timing diagram![]() 3-bit Ripple counter using JK flip-flop – Truth Table/Timing Diagram From the timing diagram, we can observe that the counter counts the values 00,01,10,11 then resets itself and starts again from 00,01,… until clock pulses are applied to J0K0 flip flop. Note that the output values of Q0 are considered as LSB and Q1 are considered as MSB. Here don’t consider the above clock pulse, only follow the waveform of Q0. So, as we can see in the timing diagram when Q0 goes transition from 1 to 0 the state of Q1 changes. The process continues for all pulses of the clock.Ĭoming to the second flip flop, here the waveform generated by flip flop 1 is given as clock pulse. As the JK values are 1, the flip flop should toggle. Flip-flop stays in the state until the applied clock goes from 1 to 0. The timing diagram of the binary ripple counter clearly explains the operation.įrom the timing diagram, we can observe that Q0 changes state only during the negative edge of the applied clock. at the transition 1 to 0 of the clock pulse. As we have applied a high voltage to all the JK inputs of flip-flops they are at the state 1, so they must toggle the state at the negative going end of the clock pulse. This condition is used in ripple flip flop. So, according to the Truth table, when both the inputs are 1 the next state will be the complement of the previous state. The functioning of the counter can be easily understood using the Truth Table of JK flip flop. Here the output Q0 is the LSB and the output Q1 is the MSB bit. From the figure, it can be observed that the output Q0 of the first flip flop is applied as a clock pulse to the second flip flop. The symbol for the clock pulse indicates a negative triggered clock pulse. JK inputs of flip flops are supplied with high voltage signal maintaining them at a state 1. Here two JK flip flops J0K0 and J1K1 are used. The circuit arrangement of a binary ripple counter is as shown in the figure below. While choosing the type of flip-flop it should be remembered that Ripple counters can be designed only using those flip-flops which have a condition for toggling like in JK and T flip flops. As here n value is 2 we use 2 flip-flops. Let us look at the working of a 2-bit binary ripple counter to understand the concept.Ī binary counter can count up to 2-bit values. Based on the number of flip flops used there are 2-bit, 3-bit, 4-bit…. The working of the ripple counter can be best understood with the help of an example. Ripple Counter Circuit Diagram and Timing Diagram Ripple counter which can count up to value N which is not a power of 2 is called Divide by N counter. UP-DOWN COUNTER: A counter which can count values either in the forward direction or reverse direction is called an up-down counter or reversible counter.ĭIVIDE by N COUNTER: Instead of a binary, we may sometimes require to count up to N which is of base 10. When 1 then output=0.UP COUNTER: Counts the values in ascending order.ĭOWN COUNTER: Counts the values in descending order. For T Flipflop when input=0, Output=1.For D Flipflop when input=0, Output=0.For J-K flip-flop, if J=K=1, and if clk=1 for a long period of time, then output Q will toggle as long as CLK remains high which makes the output unstable or uncertain.This makes the Master-Slave J-K flip flop a Synchronous device which passes data with the clock signal.Toggling takes place during the whole process since the output changes once in a cycle.When the clock is low, the slave becomes operational and remains high until the clock again becomes low.When the CP = 1 then the master is operational but not the slave.Thus toggling takes place for a clock cycle. ![]() Now the output of master becomes low when the clock CP = 1 and remains low until the clock becomes high again.When the CP = 1 then the output of master is high and remains high till CP = 0 because the state is stored.If J=0 and K=0, the flip flop becomes disabled and Q remains unchanged.įig.4: Timing Diag of Master Slave Flipflop.If J=1 and K=1, the master toggles on the positive transition and the slave toggles on the negative transition of the clock.If J=1 and K=0, Q = 1 then the master goes to the J input of the slave and the Negative transition of the clock sets the slave and thus copy the master.If J=0 and K=1, Q’ = 1 then the master goes to the K input of the slave and the clock forces the slave to reset therefore the slave copies the master.The master flip flop is positive level triggered and the slave flip flop is negative level triggered, hence the master responds prior to the slave.When the CP goes back to 0, information is transmitted from the master flip-flop to the slave flip-flop and output is obtained. The slave flip-flop is isolated when the CP goes low. When the clock pulse goes high, the slave is isolated J and K inputs can affect the state of the system.
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